Dr. HingHau Tsang's Crusade on Nutrition

 

Newsletter #68 --- Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) - A wonderful Essential Nutrient

 

CoQ10 (Coenzyme Q10) has many wonderful nutritional benefits.

Coenzyme q10

Also known as ubiquinone, or simply "CoQ10," is a powerful antioxidant discovered by researchers at the University of Wisconsin in 1957. Its name comes from the word ubiquitous, which means "found everywhere." Indeed, CoQ10 is found in every cell in the body. It plays a fundamental role in the mitochondria, the parts of the cell that produce energy from food. Coenzyme q10 is a safe supplement widely used in Europe, Israel, and Japan where it is an approved treatment for a variety of cardiovascular conditions. CoQ10 appears to be essentially nontoxic and free of side effects. CoQ10 has been widely recognized as a powerful nutrient for patients with various types of heart disease, especially those individuals suffering with congestive heart failure.

Its benefits however extend far beyond heart disease.

In a study published in April 2002, researchers from Cornell University investigated the potential usefulness of CoQ10 in animal models of Parkinson's disease, ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) and Huntington's disease. It was noted that CoQ10 significantly extended survival in the mouse model with Lou Gehrig's disease. It likewise significantly extended survival and delayed motor deficits in the animal model of Huntington's disease. In addition, it also showed efficacy for Parkinson's disease. CoQ10 is presently being studied as a potential treatment for early Parkinson's disease.

In another study published in November 2001 in the Southern Medical Journal, 83 men and women with isolated systolic hypertension were studied. It was a 12 week randomized, double-blinded controlled study with half the group being given 50 mg of CoQ10 twice daily. The results indicated that CoQ10 safely lowered systolic hypertension by as much as 18 mm of Hg. This is as good as some blood pressure drugs and without the side effects.

In the September, 2002 issue of the journal Allergy, CoQ10 levels were measured in patients with asthma. In recent years, free radical damage has been thought to underlie the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. It has been speculated by some researchers that taking adequate doses of antioxidants can have a beneficial effect in patients with asthma. In the study from this journal, 56 men and women between the ages of 19 to 72 suffering with allergic asthma were enrolled. There was a control group of 25 healthy volunteers, ages 25 to 50. It was found that the concentrations of CoQ10 were significantly decreased in both plasma and whole blood of asthmatic sufferers compared with that of the healthy volunteers. The researchers speculated that sub-optimal concentrations of CoQ10 may play a possible contribution in patients with asthma and provide a rationale for its supplementation.

Other studies indicate benefits for immune system function. CoQ10 is an immune system booster and antioxidant that helps you to avoid getting cancer, and may be helpful in treating it. Coenzyme Q10 has demonstrated its potent anti-cancer properties. In the early 1970s, Dr. Karl Folkers began testing CoQ10 as a supplement for cancer patients and documented unexpectedly longer survival with CoQ10 use. CoQ10 has been found to protect against chemotherapy induced cardiac toxicity, specifically from Adriamycin, which is known to cause heart damage. Now a new series of studies are turning up some even more exciting news. CoQ10 may be able to halt cancer. Dr. William Campbell Douglass reports low levels of CoQ10 were found in women with breast cancer.and increased levels were associated with regression and remission. Among the studies, Dr. Karl Folkers of the University of Texas, Austin reports regression of breast cancer, not only at the original site, but even of cancer that had spread (metastasized) to the liver.

Mechanism of Action

Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone) is a powerful antioxidant that protects the body from free radicals. As a coenzyme, this nutrient aids metabolic reactions, such as the complex process of transforming food into adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, the energy on which the body runs.
It appears that CoQ10 works by improving mitochondrial function and protecting them from oxidation. The mitochondria are basically the power plants in the cells. This includes heart cells and brain neurons. Mitochondria produce the energy molecule called ATP which is required by all cells to function. The brain and heart consume huge amounts of ATP. Many diseases of aging such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, heart disease, etc. are caused by the degeneration and death of the mitochondria.

Dosage of Coenzyme q10:

The average diet provides only 1 mg per day. Usual supplementation is 100 mg per day.

If you suffer with hypertension, heart failure or various heart conditions, 100 to 300 mg daily, divided into 2 or 3 doses taken with meals. More can be used for specific conditions, and doses of up to 400 mg per day are in the literature without significant side effects. Patients with Parkinson's disease taking 1200 mg a day resulted in a dramatic 44% reduction in progression of the disease.

If you take a cholesterol lowering statin drug (Lipitor, Zocor, Pravachol, Mevacor, etc.) which depletes your body's CoQ10, you should take at least 100 mg per day of CoQ10.

Coenzyme q10 is Useful for the following conditions

Congestive Heart Failure: When the heart sustains injury that weakens its pumping ability, a complicated physiological state called congestive heart failure (CHF) can develop. Fluid builds up in the lungs and lower extremities, the heart enlarges, and many symptoms develop, including severe fatigue, difficulty breathing while lying down, and altered brain function. Medical treatment for this condition is quite effective and sophisticated and consists of several drugs used in combination. However, adding the supplement CoQ10 to the standard treatment regimen appears to offer additional benefits.

People with CHF have significantly lower levels of CoQ10 in heart muscle cells than healthy people. Several double-blind studies have found that CoQ10 supplements can markedly improve symptoms and objective measurements of heart function when they are taken along with conventional medication. In the largest of these studies, 641 individuals with moderate to severe congestive heart failure were monitored for 1 year. Half were given 2 mg per kilogram body weight of CoQ10 daily; the rest were given placebo. Standard therapy was continued in both groups. The participants treated with CoQ10 experienced a significant reduction in the severity of their symptoms. No such improvement was seen in the placebo group. The people who took CoQ10 also had significantly fewer hospitalizations for heart failure.

Cardiomyopathy: This condition is a weakening of the heart muscle that can lead to heart failure (CHF). Several studies have shown improvement in symptoms in people who took CoQ10 supplements.

Angina: Patients taking 150 mg per day of coenzyme Q10 report a greater ability to exercise without problems. Other studies have confirmed these findings.

Parkinson's Disease: In the October 2002 edition of the Archives of Neurology, researchers from ten medical institutions throughout the United States reported on a sixteen month multi-center, randomized and double-blinded trial in patients with early Parkinson's disease. Eighty patients were assigned to four different groups: placebo, and CoQ10 at doses of 300 mg, 600 mg or 1200 mg daily. At the end of the sixteen month trial, those patients taking CoQ10 had an overall slower progression of their condition compared to the placebo group. The group that did the best was those taking 1200 mg a day which resulted in a dramatic 44% reduction in progression. The authors concluded that CoQ10 appears to slow the progressive deterioration of function in Parkinson's disease.

Alzheimer's Disease: Because coenzyme Q10's has an impact upon the function of mitochondria, one group of researchers has given coenzyme Q10 (along with iron and vitamin B6) to several patients with Alzheimer's disease and reported that the progression of the disease appeared to have been prevented for one and one-half to two years.

Hypertension: Coenzyme Q10 appears to affect blood pressure by reducing resistance to blood flow. Several studies have reported that supplementation with coQ10 (100 -300mg/day) can reduce blood pressure in people with hypertension.

Gingivitis: Many periodontist have seen remarkable improvement in the gums of patients who take Coenzyme q10 100 milligrams a day. So work that into your daily regimen if you feel at risk for gum disease.

Migraine headache: A study published in the February 22, 2005, issue of Neurology found that Coenzyme q-10 was superior to a placebo in preventing migraines. Among a group of 43 patients, about half of whom received a placebo. Of the patients who took CoQ10 (100 mg three times a day) 50 percent got relief compared to only 14 percent of those who took the placebo.

Immune System Function: Studies have shown that cancer patients who take 90mg of CoQ10 per day may experience a reduction in pain and weight loss, increased appetite, and decrease of metastases. However, when doses are increased to 300-390mg daily, studies have reported partial and total tumor remission in some cancer patients. In several studies, CoQ10 worked wonders with patients who had chosen to take chemotherapy, reducing the toxicity of such treatment. In one study, patients who were given CoQ10 had little or no toxicity, even though they were given much larger doses of the toxic chemotherapy agent than were given to the control group. But now a new series of studies are turning up some even more exciting news. CoQ10 may be able to halt cancer. Dr. William Campbell Douglass reports low levels of CoQ10 were found in women with breast cancer.and increased levels were associated with regression and remission. Among the studies, Dr. Karl Folkers of the University of Texas, Austin reports regression of breast cancer, not only at the original site, but even of cancer that had spread (metastasized) to the liver.

CoQ10 deficiency: Deficiency clearly occurs, and can be seen in muscular dystrophy, AIDS, and kidney problems. Low levels also appear more common in older patients. People taking "statins" (cholesterol lowering drugs) and beta-blockers may be CoQ10 deficient and should supplement. There have been reports in the medical literature indicating that the cholesterol lowering statin drugs (Lipitor, Zocor, Pravachol, Mevacor, etc.) can cause a decrease in CoQ10 levels potentially leading to some of the side effects from these medications including the destruction of muscle and nerve cells.

The maximum safe dosages of CoQ10 for young children, pregnant or nursing women, or those with severe liver or kidney disease have not been determined.

Contraindication: There are no contraindications.

Caution:

One study suggests that CoQ10 might reduce blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. While this could potentially be helpful for treatment of diabetes, people with diabetes need to monitor blood sugar carefully, as glucose levels may go down with CoQ10 therapy.

CoQ10 might interfere with the anticoagulant effects of Coumadin (warfarin). If you are taking Coumadin, you should not take CoQ10 unless under a doctor's supervision. People taking warfarin should have their protimes monitored carefully.

CoQ10 should not be stopped suddenly, as worsening symptoms of heart failure may occur.

References:

1. Hashiba K, Kuramoto K, Ishimi Z, et al. Heart. 1972;4:1579-1589. Cited by: Werbach MR. Nutritional Influences on Illness [book on CD-ROM]. Tarzana, Calif: Third Line Press; 1998.

2. Folkers K, Shizukuishi S, Takemura K, et al. Increase in levels of IgG in serum of patients treated with coenzyme Q10. Res Comm Pathol Pharmacol 1982;38:335-38.

3. Langsjoen PH, Vadhanavikit S, Folkers K. Response of patients in classes III and IV of cardiomyopathy to therapy in a blind and crossover trial with coenzyme Q10. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985;82:4240-4244.

4. Kamikawa T, Kobayashi A, Yamashita T, et al. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 1985;56:247.

5. Pogessi L, Galanti G, Comeglio M, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 on left ventricular function in patients with dilative cardiomyopathy. Curr Ther Res. 1991;49:878-886.

6. Hofman-Bang C, Rehnquist N, Swedberg K, et al. Coenzyme Q10 as an adjunctive treatment of congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;19:216A.

7. Imagawa M, Naruse S, Tsuji S, et al. Coenzyme Q10, iron, and vitamin B6 in genetically-confirmed Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 1992;340:671 [letter].

8. Digiesi V, Cantini F, Bisi G, et al. Mechanism of action of coenzyme Q10 in essential hypertension. Curr Ther Res 1992;51:668-72.

9. Mortensen SA. Perspectives on therapy of cardiovascular diseases with coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone). Clin Invest 1993;71:s116-23 [review].

10. Morisco C, Trimarco B, Condorelli M, et al. Effect of coenzyme Q10 therapy in patients with congestive heart failure: a long-term multicenter randomized study. Clin Investig. 1993;71(suppl):S134-S136.

11. Langsjoen H, Langsjoen P, Langsjoen P, et al. Usefulness of coenzyme Q10 in clinical cardiology: a long-term study. Mol Aspects Med. 1994;15(suppl):S165-S175.

12. Weber C, Jakobsen TS, Mortensen SA, et al. Antioxidative effect of dietary coenzyme Q10 in human blood plasma. Internat J Vit Nutr Res 1994;64:311-15.

13. Lockwood K, Moesgaard S, Yamamoto T, Folkers K. Progress on therapy of breast cancer with vitamin Q10 and the regression of metastases. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1995;212:172-77.

14. Gaby AR. The role of coenzyme Q10 in clinical medicine: part II. Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and infertility. Alt Med Rev 1996;1:168-75 [review].

15. Werbach MR. Nutritional Influences on Illness [book on CD-ROM]. Tarzana, Calif: Third Line Press; 1998.

16. Gazdik F, Gvozdjakova A, Nadvornikova R, Repicka L, Jahnova E, Kucharska J, Pijak MR, Gazdikova K.
Decreased levels of coenzyme Q10 in patients with bronchial asthma. Allergy 2002 Sep;57(9):811-814

 

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Dr. Tsang wishes to share his knowledge & Opinion with the public regarding the importance of " Nutritional Supplements ". This is for your information only. Drugs have powerful effects on the body, so please don't abruptly stop taking any prescription medication. Always consult your physician or health care provider before you use any nutritional supplement or switch from drugs to natural health products. 

 

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